Mechanisms for forming metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure

ABSTRACT

A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure is provided. The MIM capacitor structure includes a first conductive layer formed over a substrate, and the first conductive layer includes a first portion and a second portion. The MIM capacitor structure also includes an insulating layer formed over the first portion of the first conductive layer and a second conductive layer formed over the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the second conductive layer is in direct contact with the insulating layer, and the second portion of the second conductive layer is in direct contact with the second portion of the first conductive layer.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/131,867, filed on Apr. 18, 2016, which is Divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/069,864, filed on Nov. 1, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,324,780, issued Apr. 26, 2016, the entire of which is incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

Semiconductor devices are used in a variety of electronic applications, such as personal computers, cell phones, digital cameras, and other electronic equipment. Semiconductor devices are typically fabricated by sequentially depositing insulating or dielectric layers, conductive layers, and semiconductive layers of material over a semiconductor substrate, and patterning the various material layers using lithography to form circuit components and elements thereon. Many integrated circuits are typically manufactured on a single semiconductor wafer, and individual dies on the wafer are singulated by sawing between the integrated circuits along a scribe line. The individual dies are typically packaged separately, in multi-chip modules, or in other types of packaging, for example.

The semiconductor industry continues to improve the integration density of various electronic components (e.g., transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors, etc.) by continual reductions in minimum feature size, which allow more components to be integrated into a given area. These smaller electronic components also require smaller packages that utilize less area than packages of the past, in some applications.

One type of capacitor is a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, which is used in mixed signal devices and logic devices, such as embedded memories and radio frequency devices. Metal-insulator-metal capacitors are used to store a charge in a variety of semiconductor devices. A metal-insulator-metal capacitor is formed horizontally on a semiconductor wafer, with two metal plates sandwiching a dielectric layer parallel to the wafer surface. However, there are many challenges related to the MIM capacitor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional representation of a semiconductor device with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.

FIGS. 2A-2F shows cross-sectional representations of various stages of forming a semiconductor device with a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The making and using of the embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. It should be appreciated, however, that the embodiments can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative, and do not limit the scope of the disclosure.

It is to be understood that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the disclosure. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. Moreover, the performance of a first process before a second process in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the second process is performed immediately after the first process, and may also include embodiments in which additional processes may be performed between the first and second processes. Various features may be arbitrarily drawn in different scales for the sake of simplicity and clarity. Furthermore, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct or indirect contact.

Some variations of the embodiments are described. Throughout the various views and illustrative embodiments, like reference numbers are used to designate like elements. It is understood that additional steps can be provided before, during, and after the method, and some of the steps described can be replaced or eliminated for other embodiments of the method.

Embodiments of mechanisms for forming a semiconductor device with a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure are provided. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional representation of a semiconductor device with the MIM capacitor structure 120 a in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1, a substrate 102 is provided. Substrate 102 includes a MIM region 11 and a non-MIM region 12. Substrate 102 may be made of silicon or other semiconductor materials. Alternatively or additionally, substrate 102 may include other elementary semiconductor materials such as germanium. In some embodiments, substrate 102 is made of a compound semiconductor such as silicon carbide, gallium arsenic, indium arsenide, or indium phosphide. In some embodiments, substrate 102 is made of an alloy semiconductor such as silicon germanium, silicon germanium carbide, gallium arsenic phosphide, or gallium indium phosphide. In some embodiments, substrate 102 includes an epitaxial layer. For example, substrate 102 has an epitaxial layer overlying a bulk semiconductor.

Substrate 102 may further include isolation features (not shown), such as shallow trench isolation (STI) features or local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) features. The isolation features may define and isolate various integrated circuit devices. Integrated circuit devices, such as metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, bipolar junction transistors (BJT), high-voltage transistors, high-frequency transistors, p-channel and/or n-channel field effect transistors (PFETs/NFETs), etc.), diodes, or other suitable elements, are formed in and/or on substrate 102.

An interconnect structure 110 is formed over substrate 102. In some embodiments, interconnect structure 110 including metal lines 114 and vias 116 is embedded in inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layers 112. In some embodiments, interconnect structure 110 is formed in a back-end-of-line (BEOL) process. Metal lines 114 and vias 116 may be made of conductive material, such as copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), tungsten (W), or applicable materials. In some embodiments, metal lines 114 and vias 116 are copper or copper alloy. In some embodiments, metal lines 114 and vias 116 are formed by single and/or dual damascence processes. Metal lines 114 include multiple metal layers (namely M1, M2, M3 . . . , and Mtop) which are interconnected through vias 116.

In some embodiments, inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layers 112 are made of silicon oxide. In some other embodiments, IMD layers 112 are made of un-doped silicate glass (USG), fluorinated silicate glass (FSG), carbon-doped silicate glass, silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride. In some embodiments, IMD layers 112 include multiple dielectric layers. One or more of the multiple dielectric layers are made of low dielectric constant (low-k) materials, such as a dielectric constant of less than about 3.0, or less than about 2.5. Interconnect structure 110 shown in FIG. 1 is merely for illustrative purposes. Interconnect structure 110 may include other configurations and may include one or more metal lines and IMD layers.

As shown in FIG. 1, an MIM capacitor 120 a is formed over substrate 102 in MIM region 11. MIM capacitor 120 a is a sandwich structure and an insulating layer 124 is formed between a capacitor bottom metal (CBM) layer 122 and a capacitor top metal (CTM) layer 126. In some embodiments, a barrier layer, such as titanium nitride (TiN), is formed over CBM layer 122 or CTM layer 126.

CBM layer 122 is formed by a procedure including depositing, photolithography, and etching processes. The deposition processes include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), or applicable methods. The photolithography processes include photoresist coating (e.g., spin-on coating), soft baking, mask aligning, exposure, post-exposure baking, developing the photoresist, rinsing, and drying (e.g., hard baking). The etching processes include dry etching, wet etching, and/or other etching methods. In addition, CTM layer 126 is also formed by a procedure including depositing, photolithography, and etching processes.

As shown in FIG. 1, etch stop layers 132, 134 are formed over MIM capacitor 120 a. In some other embodiments, no etch stop layer is formed over MIM capacitor 120 a. In some embodiments, etch stop layer 132 is made of silicon oxynitride (SION). In some embodiments, etch stop layer 134 is made of oxide.

After formation MIM capacitor 120 a, one of vias 116 is formed in IMD layer 112 to electrically connect CBM layer 122, one of vias 116 is formed in IMD layer 112 to electrically connect CTM layer 126. A top metal layer 118 (also called M_(top)) is formed over vias 116. Top metal layer 118 is furthest away from the first metal layer M₁.

As shown in FIG. 1, a first passivation layer 142 is formed over top metal layer 118, and a metal pad 144 is formed in first passivation layer 142. A second passivation layer 146 is formed on metal pad 144 and first passivation layer 142.

It should be noted that a step difference is formed between MIM region 11 and non-MIM region 12 because MIM capacitor 120 a is formed in MIM region 11. The step difference may cause a topography problem. Top metal layer 118 formed in MIM region 11 and in non-MIM region 12 respectively have different optimized patterning conditions. Therefore, the process window for patterning top metal layer 118 is reduced.

In addition, after forming top metal layer 118, a planarizing process (e.g. CMP) is performed on top metal layer 118. However, the planarizing process is not easy to control due to the step difference. Furthermore, CBM layer 122 and CTM layer 126 are formed by two forming processes including a deposition process, a photolithography process and an etching process. Therefore, the fabrication time and cost are high. In order to resolve the topography problem and reduce the fabrication cost, some embodiments are provided.

FIGS. 2A-2F shows cross-sectional representations of various stages of forming a semiconductor device with a MIM capacitor structure 120 b in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. However, it should be noted that FIGS. 2A-2F have been simplified for the sake of clarity to better understand the inventive concepts of the disclosure. Additional features can be added in semiconductor device structure 100, and some of the features below can be replaced or eliminated.

Referring to FIG. 2A, substrate 102 is provided. Interconnect structure 110 is formed over substrate 102. In some embodiments, interconnect structure 110 including metal lines 114 and vias 116 is embedded in inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layers 112. Top metal layer 118 (also called M_(top)) is formed over vias 116.

In some embodiments, top metal layer 118 is made of copper (Cu), copper alloy, aluminum (Al), aluminum (Al) alloy, tungsten (W) or tungsten (W) alloy. In some embodiments, top metal layer 118 is formed by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. In some embodiments, a barrier layer, such as titanium nitride (TiN), is formed over top metal layer 118.

After top metal layer 118 is formed, insulating layer 124 is formed on top metal layer 118. In some embodiments, insulating layer 124 is made of dielectric materials, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride or silicon glass. In some embodiments, insulating layer 124 is formed by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. In some embodiments, insulating layer 124 has a thickness in a range from about 50 A to about 500 A.

After insulating layer 124 is formed, insulating layer 124 is patterned to remove a portion of insulating layer 124 and to form patterned insulating layer 124 as shown in FIG. 2B in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. The patterned insulating layer 124 is formed over a portion of top metal layer 118 by a photolithography process and an etching process. The photolithography process includes processing steps of photoresist coating, soft baking, mask aligning, exposing, post-exposure baking, developing photoresist and hard baking. The etching process includes a wet etching process or a dry etching process. Insulating layer 124 is used as an insulator between a top electrode and a bottom electrode of MIM capacitor 120 b (will be described in detail later).

After insulating layer 124 is patterned, first passivation layer 142 is formed on insulating layer 124 and top metal layer 118 as shown in FIG. 2C in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. Afterwards, first passivation layer 142 is patterned by a photolithography process and an etching process. As shown in FIG. 2C, a trench 130 is formed in first passivation layer 142 to expose insulating layer 124.

First passivation layer 142 is made of made of oxide, nitride or oxynitride. In some embodiments, first passivation layer 142 is formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), or other applicable processes.

After first passivation layer 142 is patterned, metal pad 144 is formed on first passivation layer 142 and insulating layer 124 as shown in FIG. 2C in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. Afterwards, metal pad 144 is patterned by a photolithography process and an etching process. In some embodiments, metal pad 144 is made of conductive material, such as copper (Cu), copper alloy, aluminum (Al), aluminum (Al) alloy, tungsten (W) or tungsten (W) alloy or applicable materials. In some embodiments, a barrier layer 145, such as titanium nitride (TiN), is formed over metal pad 144.

It should be noted that MIM capacitor 120 b is constructed by top metal layer 118, insulating layer 124 and metal pad 144. MIM region 11 having MIM capacitor 120 b and non-MIM region 12 without MIM capacitor are therefore defined. Metal pad 144 includes a first portion 144 a, a second portion 144 b and third portion 144 c. First portion 144 a is formed over insulating layer 124 in MIM region 11. Second portion 144 b is coupled with first portion 144 a or extends from first portion 144 a. Second portion 144 b is directly formed on top metal layer 118 in non-MIM region 12. Third portion 144 c is directly on top metal layer 118 in non-MIM region 12.

The three portions of metal pad 144 each have their respective functions. First portion 144 a of metal pad 144 is used as a top electrode (plate) of MIM capacitor 120 b. Second portion 144 b is used as a redistribution layer (RDL) for connecting to other devices. Third portion 144 c is used as a pad for connecting to a conductive element 154 (shown in FIG. 2F).

It should be noted that because top metal layer 118 in MIM region 11 is level with that in non-MIM region 12, the step difference and topography problem are resolved. In addition, MIM capacitor 120 a in FIG. 1 is formed by using two masks to pattern CBM layer 122 or CTM layer 126. However, MIM capacitor 120 b in FIG. 2D is formed only by using one mask to pattern insulating layer 124. Compared with MIM capacitor 120 a in FIG. 1, MIM capacitor 120 b in FIG. 2D is easy to fabricate, and therefore fabrication time and cost are reduced.

Furthermore, the formations of top metal layer 118 and metal pad 144 are compatible with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process without additional process to form the bottom electrode and the top electrode of the MIM capacitor structure. Therefore, the fabrication process is simple and the fabrication cost is reduced.

After metal pad 144 is patterned, second passivation layer 146 is formed on metal pad 144 and first passivation layer 142 as shown in FIG. 2E in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments, second passivation layer 146 is made of a material which is the same as first passivation layer 142.

After second passivation layer 146 is formed, second passivation layer 146 is patterned to expose metal pad 144 as shown in FIG. 2F in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosure. Afterwards, an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer 152 is formed on metal pad 144. UBM layer 152 may contain an adhesion layer and/or a wetting layer. In some embodiments, UBM layer 152 is made of titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), tantalum nitride (TaN), tantalum (Ta), or other applicable materials. In some embodiments, UBM layer 152 further includes a copper seed layer.

Afterwards, conductive element 154 (such as solder ball) is formed over UBM layer 152. In some embodiments, conductive element 154 is made of conductive materials with low resistivity, such as solder or solder alloy. Exemplary elements included in the solder alloy include Sn, Pb, Ag, Cu, Ni or Bi. Additional processes may be performed to complete the fabricating steps of semiconductor device.

Embodiments of mechanisms of forming a semiconductor device with a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure are provided. A top metal layer is used as a bottom electrode (plate) of the MIM capacitor. A metal pad is used as a top electrode (plate) of the MIM capacitor. The MIM capacitor is constructed by forming an insulating layer between the top metal layer and metal pad. The formations of the top metal layer and the metal pad are compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process without additional process. Therefore, fabrication time and cost are reduced. In addition, because the top metal layer in the MIM region is level with that in the non-MIM region, the step difference and topography problem are resolved.

In some embodiments, a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure is provided. The MIM capacitor structure includes a first conductive layer formed over a substrate, and the first conductive layer includes a first portion and a second portion. The MIM capacitor structure also includes an insulating layer formed over the first portion of the first conductive layer and a second conductive layer formed over the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the second conductive layer is in direct contact with the insulating layer, and the second portion of the second conductive layer is in direct contact with the second portion of the first conductive layer.

In some embodiments, a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure is provided. The MIM capacitor structure includes a substrate and a first passivation layer over the substrate. The first passivation layer includes a first recessed space and a second recessed space and an insulating layer formed in the first recessed space. The insulating layer is embedded the first passivation layer. The MIM capacitor structure also includes a metal pad formed over the insulating layer, and a portion of the metal pad is formed in the first recessed space. The MIM capacitor structure includes a metal line formed in the second recessed space, and the metal pad is in direct contact with the metal line.

In some embodiments, a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure is provided. The MIM capacitor structure includes a substrate, and the substrate has a MIM region and a non-MIM region. The MIM capacitor structure further includes an interconnect structure formed over the substrate and an insulating layer over the substrate in the MIM region. The MIM capacitor structure also includes a metal pad over the insulating layer and the interconnect structure, and the metal pad extends from the MIM region to the non-MIM region.

Although embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. For example, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that many of the features, functions, processes, and materials described herein may be varied while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure, comprising: a first conductive layer formed in a dielectric layer over a substrate, wherein the first conductive layer comprises a first portion and a second portion; an insulating layer formed over the first portion of the first conductive layer, wherein an interface between the first conductive layer and the insulating layer, and the interface is leveled with a topmost surface of the dielectric layer; a second conductive layer formed over the first conductive layer, wherein the second conductive layer comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the second conductive layer is in direct contact with the insulating layer, and the second portion of the second conductive layer is in direct contact with the second portion of the first conductive layer; and a barrier layer formed over the second conductive layer.
 2. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a first passivation layer formed over the first conductive layer, wherein a portion of the second conductive layer extends from inside of the first passivation layer to directly over a top surface of the first passivation layer.
 3. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: a second passivation layer formed on the first passivation layer, wherein a top surface of the second passivation layer is higher than a top surface of the second conductive layer.
 4. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first conductive layer further comprises a third portion, the second conductive layer further comprises a third portion, and the third portion of the first conductive layer is in direct contact with the third portion of the second conductive layer.
 5. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second portion of the second conductive layer is separated from the third portion of the second conductive layer.
 6. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 5, further comprising: an under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer formed over the third portion of the second conductive layer; and a conductive element formed on the UBM layer.
 7. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein the second conductive layer and the first conductive layer are made of the same material.
 8. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a first passivation layer formed on a portion of the first conductive layer, wherein the insulating layer is formed in the first passivation layer, and a top surface of the insulating layer is lower than a top surface of the first passivation layer.
 9. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure, comprising: a substrate; a first passivation layer over the substrate, wherein the first passivation layer comprises a first recessed space and a second recessed space; an insulating layer formed in the first recessed space, wherein the insulating layer is embedded in the first passivation layer, wherein a bottommost surface of the insulating layer is coplanar with a bottommost surface of the first passivation layer; a metal pad formed over the insulating layer, wherein a portion of the metal pad is formed in the first recessed space; a metal line formed in the second recessed space, wherein the metal pad is in direct contact with the metal line; and a barrier layer formed over the metal pad and the metal line, wherein the barrier layer is a continuous structure which extends from a first position directly above the metal pad to a second position directly above the metal line.
 10. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 9, further comprising: a second passivation layer formed over the first passivation layer.
 11. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 9, further comprising: a top metal layer formed below the metal pad, wherein the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure is constructed by the top metal layer, the insulating layer and the metal pad.
 12. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 9, wherein a bottom surface of the metal pad is higher than a bottom surface of the metal line.
 13. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure, comprising: a substrate, wherein the substrate has a MIM region and a non-MIM region; an interconnect structure formed over the substrate, wherein the interconnect structure comprises a top metal layer; a first passivation layer formed over the top metal layer; an insulating layer over the substrate in the MIM region, wherein the top metal layer is in direct contact with the insulating layer, and a topmost surface of the insulating layer is lower than a top surface of the first passivation layer; and a metal pad over the insulating layer and the interconnect structure, wherein the metal pad extends from the MIM region to the non-MIM region.
 14. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein the interconnect structure comprises the top metal layer embedded in a dielectric layer.
 15. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure is constructed by the top metal layer, the insulating layer and the metal pad.
 16. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein the insulating layer is made of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon glass or combinations thereof.
 17. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein the top metal layer is in direct contact with a bottommost surface of the first passivation layer.
 18. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 17, wherein an interface is between the top metal layer and the insulating layer, and the interface is leveled with a bottom surface of the first passivation layer.
 19. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 13, further comprising: a barrier layer formed over the metal pad.
 20. The metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor structure as claimed in claim 13, wherein a portion of a sidewall of the passivation layer is in direct contact with the metal pad. 